MVC interview question set 1/MVC Interview Questions and Answers for Freshers & Experienced

What is ViewStart?

Razor View Engine introduced a new layout named _ViewStart which is applied on all view automatically. Razor View Engine firstly executes the _ViewStart and then start rendering the other view and merges them.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:42:59

How is the route pattern registered in this case?

The route pattern is registered through a call to the MapRoute extension method of the RouteCollection.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:42:20

What are the different kinds of Scaffold Templates and their uses?

The different kinds of Scaffold templates include page templates, field page templates, filter templates, and entity page templates. These templates support the building of a functional data-driven website.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:41:37

What are the different approaches that could be used to connect the database with the application?

The different approaches include Code First, Database First, and Model First.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:40:57

Give a Database first approach in MVC using the Entity Framework?

The database first approach is a substitute for the Code First and Model First approaches to the Entity Data Model. It helps in creating a model class along with classes, DbContext, and properties so that the link can be made between the database and controller.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:40:15

Do you know about MVC Routing?

Yes, the MVC Routing uses the URL in the ASP.NET MVC framework by mapping action methods and controllers rather than applying any physical files into the system. The use of routing engines is made to develop appropriate routes for the movement of information and handle different kinds of requests, which later passes through Routing Engines, Routes, and reaches Controller.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:38:47

Can you define ASP.NET MVC?

ASP.NET MVC is a framework for a web application that is testable and lightweight. It helps in separating the different components of MVC application into Model, View, and Controller.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:38:02

What is DispatcherServlet?

DispatcherServerlet is a class that receives the request that is incoming and also maps down it to the most appropriate resource, including the Models, Views, and Controllers.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:37:27

Define View logic?

The view is that part of an application that takes care of the display of the data. These views are created from the model data, and various other methods can also be used for creating them.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:36:52

Define Model logic?

Model logic is an essential part of the application that handles the logic for the application data. It helps in retrieving data and storing them in the database.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:36:10

Do you think that we can maintain a session in MVC?

Yes, the session in the MVC can be maintained using three different ways. These are temp data, view bag, and view data.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:35:30

How can you navigate from one view to other view using a hyperlink?

By using “ActionLink” method as shown in the below code. The below code will make a simple URL that helps to navigate to the “Home” controller and invoke the “GotoHome” action.

Collapse / Copy Code

<%= Html.ActionLink("Home", "Gotohome") %>

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:34:57

How routing is done in the MVC pattern?

There is a group of routes called the RouteCollection, which consists of registered routes in the application. The RegisterRoutes method records the routes in this collection. A route defines a URL pattern and a handler to use if the request matches the pattern.

The first parameter to the MapRoute method is the name of the route. The second parameter will be the pattern to which the URL matches. The third parameter might be the default values for the placeholders if they are not determined.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:34:18

What is routing and three segments?

Routing helps you to decide a URL structure and map the URL with the Controller.

The three segments that are important for routing are:

<> ControllerName
<> ActionMethodName
<> Parameter

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:33:30

What is the role of “ActionFilters” in MVC?

In MVC, “ActionFilters” help you to execute logic while MVC action is executed or it is executing.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:32:17

What are the drawbacks of the MVC model?

Here are some important drawbacks of the MVC model:

<> The model pattern is a little complex.
<> Inefficiency of data access in view.
<> With a modern user interface, it is difficult to use MVC.
<> You need multiple programmers for parallel development.
<> Multiple technology knowledge is required.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:29:35

What is the role of components Presentation, Abstraction, and Control in MVC?

Here is the role of components Presentation, Abstraction, and Control in MVC:

<> Presentation: It is the visual representation of a specific abstraction within the application
<> Abstraction: It is the business domain functionality within the application
<> Control: It is a component that keeps consistency between the abstraction within the system and their presentation to the user in addition to communicating with other controls within the system

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:27:57

What are the methods of handling an Error in MVC?

Exception handling may be required in any application, whether it is a web application or a Windows Forms application.

ASP.Net MVC has an attribute called "HandleError" that provides built-in exception filters. The HandleError attribute in ASP.NET MVC can be applied over the action method as well as Controller or at the global level. The HandleError attribute is the default implementation of IExceptionFilter. When we create a MVC application, the HandleError attribute is added within the Global.asax.cs file and registered in the Application_Start event.


public static void RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilterCollection filters)
{
filters.Add(new HandleErrorAttribute());
}
protected void Application_Start()
{
AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas();
RegisterGlobalFilters(GlobalFilters.Filters);
RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes);
}

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:26:40

What are the Folders in MVC application solutions?

Understanding the folders

When you create a project a folder structure gets created by default under the name of your project which can be seen in solution explorer. Below i will give you a brief explanation of what these folders are for.

Model

This folder contains classes that is used to provide data. These classes can contain data that is retrived from the database or data inserted in the form by the user to update the database.

Controllers

These are the classes which will perform the action invoked by the user. These classes contains methods known as "Actions" which responds to the user action accordingly.

Views

These are simple pages which uses the model class data to populate the HTML controls and renders it to the client browser.

App_Start

Contains Classes such as FilterConfig, RoutesConfig, WebApiConfig. As of now we need to understand the RouteConfig class. This class contains the default format of the url that should be supplied in the browser to navigate to a specified page.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:25:54

What is Database First Approach in MVC using Entity Framework?

Database First Approach is an alternative to the Code First and Model First approaches to the Entity Data Model which creates model codes (classes,properties, DbContextetc) from the database in the project and that classes behaves as the link between database and controller.

There are the following approach which is used to connect with database to application.

Database First
Model First
Code First

Database first is nothing but only a approach to create web application where database is available first and can interact with the database. In this database, database is created first and after that we manage the code. The Entity Framework is able to generate a business model based on the tables and columns in a relational database.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:24:54

Display field level error messages using ValidationSummary ?

By default, ValidationSummary filters out field level error messages. If you want to display field level error messages as a summary then specify excludePropertyErrors = false.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:24:10

What is Bundling and Minification in MVC?

Bundling and minification are two new techniques introduced to improve request load time. It improves load time by reducing the number of requests to the server and reducing the size of requested assets (such as CSS and JavaScript).

Bundling

It lets us combine multiple JavaScript (.js) files or multiple cascading style sheet (.css) files so that they can be downloaded as a unit, rather than making individual HTTP requests.

Minification

It squeezes out whitespace and performs other types of compression to make the downloaded files as small as possible. At runtime, the process identifies the user agent, for example IE, Mozilla, etc. and then removes whatever is specific to Mozilla when the request comes from IE.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:22:38

What is Output Caching in MVC?

The main purpose of using Output Caching is to dramatically improve the performance of an ASP.NET MVC Application. It enables us to cache the content returned by any controller method so that the same content does not need to be generated each time the same controller method is invoked. Output Caching has huge advantages, such as it reduces server round trips, reduces database server round trips, reduces network traffic etc.

Keep the following in mind,

<> Avoid caching contents that are unique per user.
<> Avoid caching contents that are accessed rarely.
<> Use caching for contents that are accessed frequently.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:21:57

What “beforeFilter()”,”beforeRender” and “afterFilter” functions do in Controller?

<> beforeFilter(): This function runs before every action in the controller. It’s the right place to check for an active session or inspect user permissions.
<> beforeRender(): This function is called after controller action logic, but before the view is rendered. This function is not often used but may be required if you are calling render() manually before the end of a given action.
<> afterFilter(): This function is called after every controller action and after rendering is done. It is the last controller method to run.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:20:22

Explain the concept of MVC Scaffolding?

ASP.NET Scaffolding is a code generation framework for ASP.NET Web applications. Visual Studio 2013 includes pre-installed code generators for MVC and Web API projects. You add scaffolding to your project when you want to quickly add code that interacts with data models. Using scaffolding can reduce the amount of time to develop standard data operations in your project.

Create

It creates a View that helps in creating a new record for the Model. It automatically generates a label and input field for each property in the Model.

Delete

It creates a list of records from the model collection along with the delete link with delete record.

Details

It generates a view that displays the label and an input field of the each property of the Model in the MVC framework.

Edit

It creates a View with a form that helps in editing the current Model. It also generates a form with label and field for each property of the model.

List

It generally creates a View with the help of a HTML table that lists the Models from the Model Collection. It also generates a HTML table column for each property of the Model.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:19:31

How do you implement Forms authentication in MVC?

Authentication is giving access to the user for a specific service by verifying his/her identity using his/her credentials like username and password or email and password. It assures that the correct user is authenticated or logged in for a specific service and the right service has been provided to the specific user based on their role that is nothing but authorization.

ASP.NET forms authentication occurs after IIS authentication is completed. You can configure forms authentication by using forms element with in web.config file of your application. The default attribute values for forms authentication are shown below,

<system.web>
<authenticationmode="Forms">
<formsloginUrl="Login.aspx" protection="All" timeout="30" name=".ASPXAUTH" path="/" requireSSL="false" slidingExpiration="true" defaultUrl="default.aspx" cookieless="UseDeviceProfile" enableCrossAppRedirects="false" />
</authentication>
</system.web>

The FormsAuthentication class creates the authentication cookie automatically when SetAuthCookie() or RedirectFromLoginPage() methods are called. The value of authentication cookie contains a string representation of the encrypted and signed FormsAuthenticationTicket object.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:17:52

What are the Main Razor Syntax Rules?

1. Razor code blocks are enclosed in @{ ... }
2. Inline expressions (variables and functions) start with @
3. Code statements end with semicolon
4. Variables are declared with the var keyword
5. Strings are enclosed with quotation marks
6. C# code is case sensitive
7. C# files have the extension .cshtml

C# Example:-

<!-- Single statement block -->
@ {
varmyMessage = "Hello World";
}
<!-- Inline expression or variable -->
< p > The value of myMessage is: @myMessage < /p>
<!-- Multi-statement block -->
@ {
var greeting = "Welcome to our site!";
varweekDay = DateTime.Now.DayOfWeek;
vargreetingMessage = greeting + " Here in Huston it is: " + weekDay;
} < p > The greeting is: @greetingMessage < /p>

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:17:01

What is GET and POST Action types?

GET Action Type: GET is used to request data from a specified resource. With all the GET requests, we pass the URL, which is compulsory; however, it can take up the following overloads.

POST Action Type: Tthe POST is used to submit data to be processed to a specified resource. With all the POST requests, we pass the URL, which is essential and the data. However, it can take up the following overloads.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:14:34

What is Partial View in MVC?

A partial view is a chunk of HTML that can be safely inserted into an existing DOM. Most commonly, partial views are used to componentize Razor views and make them easier to build and update. Partial views can also be returned directly from controller methods. In this case, the browser still receives text/html content but not necessarily HTML content that makes up an entire page. As a result, if a URL that returns a partial view is directly invoked from the address bar of a browser, an incomplete page may be displayed. This may be something like a page that misses title, script and style sheets. However, when the same URL is invoked via a script, and the response is used to insert HTML within the existing DOM, then the net effect for the end-user may be much better and nicer.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:14:06

Explain the concept of Default Route in MVC

Default Route: The default ASP.NET MVC project templates add a generic route that uses the following URL convention to break the URL for a given request into three named segments.

URL: "{controller}/{action}/{id}"

This route pattern is registered via a call to the MapRoute() extension method of RouteCollection.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:13:30

Explain the concept of Razor in ASP.NET MVC?

ASP.NET MVC has always supported the concept of “view engines” – which are the pluggable modules that implement different template syntax options. The “default” view engine for ASP.NET MVC uses the same .aspx/.ascx/. master file templates as ASP.NET WebForms. Other popular ASP.NET MVC view engines are Spart & Nhaml. Razor is the new view-engine introduced by MVC 3.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:13:07

What are the two ways to add constraints to a route?

The two methods to add constraints to a route is

1. Use regular expressions
2. Use an object that implements IRouteConstraint Interface

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:12:41

What do you mean by MVC Scaffolding?

A View Engine is an MVC subsystem which has its own markup syntax. It is responsible for converting the server-side template into HTML markup and rendering it to the browser. Initially, ASP.NET MVC ships with one view engine, web forms (ASPX) and from ASP.NET MVC3 a new view engine, Razor is introduced. With ASP.NET MVC, you can also use other view engines like Spark, NHaml, etc.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:11:49

What is Database first approach in MVC using Entity Framework?

Database First Approach is an alternative or substitutes to the Code First and Model First approaches to the Entity Data Model. The Entity Data Model creates model codes (classes, properties, DbContext, etc.) from the database in the project and that class behaves as the link between database and controller.

There are the following approaches, which are used to connect the database with the application.

<> Database First

<> Model First

<> Code First

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:10:45

What is the use of ViewModel in MVC?

ViewModel is a plain class with properties, which is used to bind it to a strongly-typed view. ViewModel can have the validation rules defined for its properties using data annotation.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:10:09

What is Partial View in MVC?

A partial view is a chunk of HTML that can be safely inserted into an existing DOM. Most commonly, partial views are used to componentize Razor views and make them easier to build and update. It can also be returned directly from controller methods. In this case, the browser still receives text/HTML content but not necessarily HTML content that makes up an entire page. As a result, if a URL that returns a partial view is directly invoked from the address bar of a browser, an incomplete page may be displayed. This may be something like a page that misses title, script and style sheets.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:09:41

What are the Filters?

Sometimes we want to execute some logic either before the execution of the action method or after the execution. We can use Action Filter for such kind of scenario. Filters define the logic which is executed before or after the execution of the action method. Action Filters are attributes which we can apply to the action methods. Following are the MVC action filter types:

1. Authorization filter (implements IAuthorizationFilter)

2. Action filter (implements IActionFilter)

3. Result filter (implements IResultFilter)

4. Exception filter (implementsIExceptionFilter attribute)

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:09:00

What is MVC Routing?

The URLs in ASP.NET MVC are mapped to action methods and controller instead of physical files of the system. To accurately map action methods and controller to URLs, the routing engine forms appropriate routes. Using this, the controllers can handle specific requests.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:05:36

What is ASP.NET MVC?

ASP.NET MVC is a web application Framework. It is lightweight and highly testable Framework. MVC separates an application into three components — Model, View, and Controller.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:05:12

What is Spring MVC?

It is a Java framework which is used to build web applications. It follows the Model-View-Controller design pattern. Not just that, it also implements all the basic features of a core Spring Framework like Inversion of Control, Dependency Injection. Spring MVC provides a dignified solution to use MVC in Spring Framework by the help of DispatcherServlet. In this case, DispatcherServlet is a class that receives the incoming request and maps it to the right resource such as Controllers, Models, and Views.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:04:53

What is the difference between Routing and URL Rewriting?

Many developers compare routing to URL rewriting since both look similar and can be used to make SEO friendly URLs. But both the approaches are very much different. The main difference between routing and URL rewriting is given below :

1. URL rewriting is focused on mapping one URL (new URL) to another URL (old URL) while routing is focused on mapping a URL to a resource.

2. URL rewriting rewrites your old URL to a new one while routing never rewrite your old URL to the new one but it maps to the original route.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:04:20

Explain the role of components Presentation, Abstraction, and Control in MVC?

1. Presentation: It is the visual representation of a specific abstraction within the application.

2. Abstraction: It is the business domain functionality within the application.

3. Control: It is a component that keeps consistency between the abstraction within the system and their presentation to the user. It is also used to communicate with other controls within the system.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:03:39

Explain MVC application life cycle?

Any web application has two main execution steps, first understanding the request and depending on the type of the request sending out an appropriate response. MVC application life cycle is not different it has two main phases, first creating the request object and second sending our response to the browser.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:02:32

What are the advantages of MVC?

Multiple view support

Due to the separation of the model from the view, the user interface can display multiple views of the same data at the same time.

Change Accommodation

User interfaces tend to change more frequently than business rules (different colors, fonts, screen layouts, and levels of support for new devices such as cell phones or PDAs) because the model does not depend on the views, adding new types of views to the system generally does not affect the model. As a result, the scope of change is confined to the view.

SoC – Separation of Concerns

Separation of Concerns is one of the core advantages of ASP.NET MVC. The MVC framework provides a clean separation of the UI, Business Logic, Model or Data.

More Control

The ASP.NET MVC framework provides more control over HTML, JavaScript, and CSS than the traditional Web Forms.

Testability

ASP.NET MVC framework provides better testability of the Web Application and good support for test driven development too.

Lightweight

ASP.NET MVC framework doesn’t use View State and thus reduces the bandwidth of the requests to an extent.

Full features of ASP.NET

One of the key advantages of using ASP.NET MVC is that it is built on top of the ASP.NET framework and hence most of the features of the ASP.NET like membership providers, roles, etc can still be used.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:02:10

How to enable Attribute Routing in ASP.NET MVC?

Enabling attribute routing in your ASP.NET MVC5 application is simple, just add a call to routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes() method within RegisterRoutes() method of RouteConfig.cs file.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:01:25

When to use Attribute Routing?

The convention-based routing is complex to support certain URI patterns that are common in RESTful APIs. But by using attribute routing you can define these URI patterns very easily.

For example, resources often contain child resources like Clients have ordered, movies have actors, books have authors and so on. It’s natural to create URIs that reflects these relations like as /clients/1/orders
This type of URI is difficult to create using convention-based routing. Although it can be done, the results don’t scale well if you have many controllers or resource types. With attribute routing, it’s pretty much easy to define a route for this URI. You simply add an attribute to the controller action as:

[Route("clients/{clientId}/orders")]
public IEnumerable<Order> GetOrdersByClient(int clientId)
{
//TO DO
}

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:01:05

What is Routing in ASP.NET MVC?

Routing is a pattern matching system that monitors the incoming request and figures out what to do with that request. At runtime, the Routing engine uses the Route table for matching the incoming request's URL pattern against the URL patterns defined in the Route table. You can register one or more URL patterns to the Route table at Application_Start event. When the routing engine finds a match in the route table for the incoming request's URL, it forwards the request to the appropriate controller and action. If there is no match in the route table for the incoming request's URL, it returns a 404 HTTP status code.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 07:00:16

What are the advantages of ASP.NET MVC?

There are following advantages of ASP.NET MVC over Web Forms (ASP.NET):

1. Separation of concern: MVC design pattern divides the ASP.NET MVC application into three main aspects Model, View, and Controller which make it easier to manage the application complexity.

2. TDD: The MVC framework brings better support to test-driven development.

3. Extensible and pluggable: MVC framework components were designed to be pluggable and extensible and therefore can be replaced or customized easier than Web Forms.

4. Full control over application behavior: MVC framework doesn’t use View State or server-based forms like Web Forms. This gives the application developer more control over the behaviors of the application and also reduces the bandwidth of requests to the server.

5. ASP.NET features are supported MVC framework is built on top of ASP.NET and therefore can use most of the features that ASP.NET include such as the provider's architecture, authentication, and authorization scenarios, membership, and roles, caching, session and more.

6. URL routing mechanism: MVC framework supports a powerful URL routing mechanism that helps to build a more comprehensible and searchable URL in your application. This mechanism helps the application to be more addressable from the eyes of search engines and clients and can help in search engine optimization.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 06:59:46

What is ASP.NET MVC?

ASP.NET MVC is an open source framework built on the top of the Microsoft .NET Framework to develop a web application that enables a clean separation of code. ASP.NET MVC framework is the most customizable and extensible platform shipped by Microsoft.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 06:57:27

What is MVC?

MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a software design pattern which was introduced in the 1970s. Also, MVC pattern forces a separation of concerns, it means domain model and controller logic are decoupled from the user interface (view). As a result, maintenance and testing of the application become simpler and easier.

Posted Date:- 2021-09-02 06:56:23

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