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Zoology- Organic Evolution Theories Mcq Qusetions
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1. Jean Baptist de Lamarck - a French Naturalistbesides giving his famous theory of organic Evolutionalso coined the word:
Biology
Invertebrates
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
2. The ultimate source of organic variations is:
Sexual reproduction
Hormonal action
Natural Selection
Mutation
3. Lamarcks theory of organic evolution was published in the book entitled:
Systima Naturee
Philosophic Zoologique
Origin of species
None of these
4. Lamarcks Theory of Organic Evolution is based upon:
Effect of environment
Use and disuse of body parts
Inheritance of acquired characters
All of these
5. The animals of colder countries have small earsshort tail and limbs to avoid more loss of heat is the theme of:
Allens law
Dollos law
Gauses law
Copes Law
6. Which of the following facts make Lamarckism doubtful:
Neck of giraffe elongated for grazing from high trees
Trees of high altitudes have sloppy branches to avoid deposition of snow
Deer is fast runner for protection from predators
Indian ladies have been getting their ears pierced since ages but pierced ears are not inherited
7. Best suited examples given in favour of Lamarckian Theory are:
Elongation of neck and fore limbs of African giraffe
Loss of limbs in snakes
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
8. Neck and fore limbs in African giraffe increased in length as a result of:
Variation in these organs
Mutations in these organs
Use and disuse
None of these
9. Which of the following facts definitely casts doubt on Lamarckian theory:
Snakes lost their limbs due to burrowing mode of life
Neck and fore limbs of African giraffe use for generations
Vestigial organs were functional ones but now undergone degeneration due to loss of their function
Blacksmiths son does not have powerful arm muscles as his father
10. Which of the following concepts is attributed to Lamarck:
Struggle for existence
Survival of the fittest
Inheritance of acquired characters
Cells come from pre-existing cells
11. Which of the following theories of evolution can best explain the vestigial organs:
Darwinism
Lamarckism
Natural selection
Special creation
12. Lamarcks theory of organic evolution cannot give best explanation for one of the following:
Rudimentary eyes in deep-sea fishes
Strong canines and claws of carnivores
Fast running adaptations in deers
Only those which are fittest can survive and are selected by the nature
13. Which of the following facts is not correct about Lamarckism in the light of current scientific knowledge:
All the characters acquired by the individuals during life time and inherited
Organs used more by the organism grow more in size
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
14. Which of the following statements will be wrong in contest of modern concept of evolution:
Isolation prevents interbreeding between members of same species
Appreciably small Gene Pool will lead to significant variations
Variations in the organisms are caused by sexual reproduction
None of these
15. Neolamarckism states that:
There is enormous fertility in organisms but their number always remains constant
Like begets Like
All the beritable characters are carried by genes which become incorporated in the genotype and are heritable
The life cycle of an individual repeats the characters which were present in its ancestors
16. Greatest blow to Lararckism came from the work of:
Charles Darwin
August Weismann
Hugo De Vries
Alfred Russell Wallace
17. From the experiments upon mice by cutting the tails of new-born mice for more than twenty generations and yet no hereditary effectWeismann could conclude:
Theory of survival of fittest
Theory of continuity of germplasm
Inheritance of acquired characters
Isolation plays significant role in evolution
18. Weismann stated that a multicellular body is divisible into somaplasm and germplasm which separate at early embryonic life. Therefore only link between these will be:
Environment
Gametes
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
19. According to Weismann theory which of the following facts will be correct:
Changes occurring in somaplasm during life time are inherited
Germplasm continues generation after generation as impartial matter whereas somaplasm only functions to house the germplasm
In the struggle for existence due to over productionenvironmental effects the individuals which are best suitable to get maximum chances for mating
None of these
20. By illustrating the examples of African giraffe and snakes Lamarck emphasized mainly that:
Nature selects the forms which are fittest in the struggle for existence
Development and efficiency of body organs are an proportion to their use and disuse
Variations (environmental or mutations) are respobsible for process of organic evolution
The organisms have enormous fertility leading to over production but their number is always kept constant by the nature
21. Which of the following features are raw materials in evolution according to Darwins Theory:
Intra-specific character
Acquired variations
Acquired capabilities
Inherited variation
22. The processes associated with evolution of a species collectively mean:
Natural Selection
Heredity
Mutation
Adaptation
23. When a populations large portion is destroyed by some calamitythe new populet from survivers shall have gene pool showing:
Genetic drift
Genetic maladjustment
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
24. Which of the following concepts is attributed to Charles Darwin:
All the characters acquired by the organisms in their life time are inherited
The cell come from pre-existing cells
In the struggle for existencethe fittest individuals survive
Use and disuse of organs is important in evolution
25. In which of the following booksDarwin published his theory:
Principles of population
On the origin of species by Natural Selection
Genetic and origin of species
None of these
26. Darwinism can be explained briefly by a chart consisting of observed facts and deductions which was drawn jointly by:
Darwin and Charles Lyell
Darwin and Malthus
Darwin and Morgan
Darwin and Wallace
27. Which is the observed fact in the chart drawn by Darwin and Wallace:
Enormous fertility in the organisms yet the number is constant
Struggle for existencevariation and heredity
Survival of fittest and continuous changes in environment
All of these
28. From the observed fact namely Enormous fertility yet number is constant. Darwin and Wallace could make out some conclusion which is:
Struggle for existence
Survival of the fittest
Structural modifications leading to new species
None of these
29. Which of the following facts Darwin and Wallace deduced from the observed fact Struggle for existencevariations and their transmission:
Structural modifications forming new species
Struggle for existence
Survival of fittest or natural selection
All of these
30. What could be deduced from Darwin and Wallaces observed fact entitledSurvival of the fittest and continuous changes in environment:
Structural modifications leading to a new species
Struggle for existencevariation and heredity
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
31. The statement entitledI eatyou eathe eatsI am eatenyou are eaten and he is eaten is indicative of:
Intra-specific struggle for existence in life
Extra-specific struggle for existence in life
Both (a) & (b)
None of these
32. If a population of organisms is introduced into a new territory where environmental conditions are favourable to itthe population grows rapidly because of:
Increase rated of reproduction
Absence of predators
Unlimited food supply available
More survival of offsprings
33. The evolution of a species can be considered as the sum total of adoptive changes of species preserved by:
Mass conservation
Laws of motion
Evolution
Natural selection
34. One of the objectives of experiments in plant breeding is to produce new varieties which have special properties (like high yieldresistance to certain diseases etc.). The method envolves production of mutants in laboratory and then subject them to particular type of solution needed. Which of the following treatments would be more effective:
Irradiation of seeds with visible light
Heating the seeds upto 30�C
Treating the seeds with strong chemicals
Irradiating the seeds with X-rays
35. Greatest drawback of Darwins Theory was that it could not offer suitable explanation for:
Survival of fittest
Struggle for increase
Enormous fertility leading to over production
Variations
36. Increase in the length of neck and fore legs in African giraffe was explained by Lamarck due to the fact that ancient giraffes stretched their neck and fore legs generation after generation and the character acquired as a result of use was inherited. Darwin also explained the phenomenon. Can you point out the way in which Darwin described it:
There was sudden mutation due to use and disuse and it lead to evolution in neck and fore legs
There was effect of temperature on these animals and as a result the change occurred
Only those members which had longer necks and fore legs were selected by nature
There were variations in population
37. One of the criticism to Darwinism was that it could not give satisfactory explanation for one of the following points:
That there is constant struggle for existence among individuals for foodshelter and other benefits
That there is enormous fertility among organisms leading to their over production
That there is selection of fittest individuals by the nature
Excessive overgrowth of useful structures bringing extinctions rather than evolution
38. Which of the following points have been put forward by the scientists for criticism of Darwins theory:
That it lacks satisfactory explanation for causesorigin and inheritance of variations in the organisms
That it offers no explanation for mutations which often bring useful or harmful variations
That the concept covers evolutionary development of solitary structures only but not of sets of coordinated structures
All of these
39. Cause of struggle for existence among animals is:
That excessive reproduction leads to increase in number
That there is less availability of food to organisms
That there is lack of spaces for living
Due to all of these reasons
40. Which of the following is associated with name of Darwin:
Philosophic Zoologique
Special Creation
Variation
Galapagos islands
41. Darwin did not have much idea of mutations but he used a word to denote them which was:
Variation
Sports
Phenotype
None of these
42. In formulating his theory of organic evolution by Natural SelectionDarwin was greatly influenced by the writings of:
Malthus
Mendel
De Vries
Lamarck
43. The theory of organic evolution by process of natural selection was proposed by:
Mendel
Darwin and Wallace
Lamarck
Darwin
44. The book Origin of Species was published in the year:
1809
1858
1859
1959
45. The idea of Survival of fittest was first presented by:
Lyell
Mendel
Darwin
Spencer
46. Which of the following was most influential in formulation of Theory of Natural Selection:
Inheritance of acquired characters
Malthuss essay on population
Struggle for existence
Mendels laws of inheritance
47. Key point of Lararcks Theory was:
Survival of fittest
Continuity of germplasm
Inheritance of acquired characters
Descent with modifications
48. Ship on which Darwin travelled was:
Beagle
Begle
Baegle
Bieggle
49. One major criticism against Darwins Theory on evolution is:
That it does not explain presence of vestigial organs found in many mammals
That is overestimates the reproductive capacity of organisms
That it does not take into account the variations with heredity in the organisms
That it pre-supposes that environment upon earth has been changing through ages
50. The book Philosophie Zoologique written by Jean Baptist de Lamarck was published in the year:
1809
1850
1858
1859
51. The Theory of Natural Selection proposed by Charles Darwin for explaining Organic Evolution was based on:
Modifications in body parts through use and disuse
Enormous fertilitystruggle for existence and survival of fittest
Inheritance of acquired characters
Appearance of sudden large variationsinheritance and survival of those having these variations
52. The scientist who gave a severe blow to Lamarckian theory by giving Theory of continuity of germplasm was:
Hugo De Vries
Charles Lyell
August Weismann
Alfred Russell Wallace
53. The idea Survival of Fittest propounded by Darwin as given by Herbert Spencer (1820-1903). Is this statement:
Correct
Wrong
Partially wrong
No idea
54. Adaptation of a species is its:
Acquired characters
Ecdyris
Metamorphosis
Hereditary characters
55. To be a successful event for evolution the mutation or change must occur in:
RNA
Plasma proteins
Germplasm DNA
Somatoplasm DNA
56. Lamarck was a French Naturalist who proposed:
Cell Theory
Germplasm Theory
Abiogenesis Theory
Theory of inheritance of acquired characters
57. One of the evolutionary concept in Biology was projected by Darwin in his book Origin of Species. It has been discussed as:
Germplasm Theory
Theory of use and disuse of body parts
Theory of Natural Selection leading to Survival of Fittest
Theory of gene mutations
58. Which one of the following gactors is respobsible for the evolution of organisms according to Neo-Darwinism:
Mutations
Natural selection
Mutations and natural selection
Either mutations or natural selection
59. A new species is formed when:
An individual with new genotype is formed due to exchange of chromosomal segments during crossing over in gametogenesis
Genotypic changes accumulated in a population which result in its reproductive isolation
Variants with new phenotypes are produced owing to new genetic combinations occurring during reproduction
Homologous chromosomes exchange segments during crossing over in gametogenesis
60. Hugo De Vries while working on plants Oenothera Lamarchiana developed his famous theory of:
Gene mutation
Mutations
Sexual selection
Sontaneous creation
61. New species evolve by sudden and distinct heritable changes called mutations and not by Natural Selection. The idea was put forward by:
Herbert Spencer
Muller
De Vries
Alfred Russell Wallace
62. Frequency of a mutant gene in a population is expected to increase if that gene is:
Dominant
Selected
Recessive
Neither dominant nor recessive
63. Discontinuous Variations may be defined as:
Acquired characters
Mutations
General characters of a species
Non-exxential features
64. Sudden heritable changes are called:
Recombination
Mutations
Segregation
Independent assortment
65. For evolutionthe most important requirement is:
Developmental anamoly
Acquired characters
Mutation
Natural selection
66. Darwins finches are found in:
Australia
New Zealand
Iceland
Galapago Islands
67. Mutations are mainly respobsible for:
Variations in the organism
Constancy in the organism
Genetic continuity between parents and offsprings
Increase in the population rate
68. Mutations are due to:
Infection by micro-organisms
Abrupt changes in genes
Nutritional factors
Hybridization
69. Mutations are generally:
Recessive
Dominant
Harmful
Useful
70. Lamarckism envisages that the:
Organisms tend to grow in the size
Organisms inherit the characters acquired by their parents
Environment influences the organisms
Enormous fertility in the organisms leads to over production
71. Hugo De Vries pioneered the theory of mutations to explain the mechanism of organic evolution. The material on which he performed experiments was:
Drosophila melanogaster
Pisum sativum
Oenothera Lamarckiana
Escherichia coli
72. Oenothera Lamarckiana the plant which was used by De Vries is commonly called:
Sweet-pea
China-rose
Evening primrose
None of these
73. According to the Theory of Continuity of Germplasm which was put forward by August Weismann:
The acquired characters of organisms that have passed to somatoplasm are inherited in their offsprings
The acquired character of organism which have passed only to germplasm are inherited in their offsprings
The acquired characters of organism that have passed only to somatoplasm and not to germplasm are inherited in their offsprings
The acquired characters of organism are inherited due to principle of recapitulation
74. Mutations are:
Heritable changes
Inheritable changes
Changes that may or may not be inherited
Changes acquired by organisations in the time
75. Which of the following facts does not hold truth with reference to De Vries Theory of organic evolution:
New species evolve by sudden and distinct heritable changes called by mutations and not by natural selection
First individual showing is called mutant. It is pure breeding as well as transmits mutations to its progeny and thus starts a new species
All organisms have tendency to mutate but the rate of mutation varies from time to time depending upon environmental and physiological conditions
The development and deficiency of organs are in proportion to use and disuse of these organs
76. De Vries Theory of Organic Evolution is longer accepted because of one of the lowing criticisms:
Oenothera Lamarckiana is highly inconsistent hybrid species and distribution of 14 chromosomes is highly anamolous
Mutants often render mutants so much different from other members of species that they fall to compete and perish
Being randomthe mutations are hardly useful in adaptabilitythereforethey bring extinction of species rather than evolution
All of these
77. Currently Evolution and Natural Selection are regarded as natural phenomena. Principles of Genetics applied to Population Dynamics have removed the drawbacks of Darwins Theory as a result neo Darwinism has emerged out as Modern Synthetic Theory of Organic Evolution. The theory was designated to explain organic evolution by:
Charles Lyell
Herbert Spencer
Huxley
De Vries
78. Initial material to Medern Synthetic Theory of Organic Evolution was provided by Dobzhanskys book entitled:
Natural Selection and Origin of Species
Origin of Species
Genetics and Origin of Species
Philosophie Zoologique
79. Which of the following Scientists contributed a lot to Modern Synthetic Theory of Organic Evolution.
Muller (1949)
Fischer (1958)
Wright (1968)
All of these
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