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Biology MCQS[NEET-2021 to 2022]-Microorganisms
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1. What is true about Archaebacteria?
All fossils
All photosynthetic
All Halophiles
Oldest living beings
2. The Ti plasmid is often used for making transgenic plants. This plasmid is found in
Yeast as a 2 μm plasmid
Agrobacterium
Rhizobium of the roots of leguminous plants
Azotobacter
3. Reproduction in most of the bacteria is by a process known as
Binary fission
Sexual
Sporulation
Budding
4. An example of endomycorrhizal is
Agaricus
Glomus
Nostoc
Rhizobium
5. Human insulin is being commercially produced from a transgenic species of
Escherichia
Saccharomyces
Rhizobium
Mycobacterium
6. Specialized cells called heterocysts are present in
Dinoflagellates
Euglenoids
Cyanobacteria
Archaebacteria
7. The Gram negative bacteria detect and respond to chemicals in their surrounding by
Lipopolysaccharide
Muramic acid
Porins
Volutin granules
8. Which of the following protects the bacteria from the enzymes present in the external medium?
Flagella
S-layer
Slime layer
Cell wall
9. A bacterium is capable of withstanding extreme heat, dryness and toxic chemicals. This indicates that it is probably above to form
Endotoxins
Endospores
A thick peptidoglycan wall
Endogenous buds
10. Which one of the following is correct about Cosmid?
Extra genetic material in mycoplasma
Circular DNA found in bacteria
Extra DNA in bacteria
Fragment of DNA inserted in bacteria for forming copies
11. Which of the following groups of organisms are ecologically similar?
Consumer protists and fungi
Monerans and producer protists
Producer protists and consumer protists
Monerans and fungi
12. A bacterium which is capable of utilizing the most abundantly available gas in the atmosphere for one of its metabolic pathways, but cannot utilize the second most abundantly available for its another
Azotobacter
Clostridium
Rhodomicrobium
Xanthomonas
13. Identify the correct pair of events when temperate phages infect bacteria : (I) No prophages are formed. (II) Bacterial cell undergoes many divisions (III) Bacterial cell undergoes immediate lysis
II, III
I, II
III, IV
II, IV
14. Which type of DNA is found in bacteria?
Helical DNA
Membrane bound DNA
Straight DNA
Circular free DNA
15. Plasmids are most often found in
Virus
Fungi
Bacteria
Viroid
16. Cell wall of Gram positive bacteria is made up of
Murein
Cellulose
Lipid and protein
Cellulose and lipid
17. Bacteria with flagella all over the body is
Peritrichous
Monotrichous
Amphitrichous
None of the above
18. Which of the following is a free living nitrogen fixing bacterium present in the soil?
Azotobacter
Rhizobium
Nitrosomonas
Pseudomonas
19. An example for symbiotic bacteria
Xanthomonas campestris
Rhizobium leguminosarum
Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Erwinia amylovora
20. The asexual spores formed by Colletotrichum falcatum, Sphaerotheca and Rhizopus stolonifer are
Many celled
Rod shaped
One celled
None of the above
21. The bacterium (Clostridium botulinum) that causes botulism is
A facultative aerobe
An obligate anaerobe
A facultative anaerobe
An obligate aerobe
22. Red rot disease of sugarcane is caused by
Colletotrichum falcatum
Helminthosporium oryzae
Xanthomonas
Phytophthora infestans
23. Certain bacteria living in the soil poor in oxygen, convert nitrates into nitrites and then to free nitrogen and such bacteria are termed as
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
Denitrifying bacteria
Ammonifying bacteria
Saprophytic bacteria
24. Chromosomes in a bacterial cell can be 1 - 3 in number and
can be either circular or linear, but never both within the same cell
can be circular as well as linear within the same cell
are always linear
are always circular
25. N-acetylmuramic acid is found in
Cell wall component of plant
Cell wall component of Gram positive bacteria
Cell wall component of fungi
Viral coat material
26. dsRNA is found in
Influenza virus
Retrovirus
Reovirus
TMP
27. Which one of the followings is a viral disease?
Wilting of cabbage
Red rot of sugar cane
Leaf roll of potato
Damping-off disease of seedlings
28. Cauliflower mosaic virus contains
ds DNA
ds RNA
ss RNA
ss DNA
29. ELISA is used to detect viruses where the key reagent is
DNA probe
Catalase
Alkaline phosphatase
RNase
30. Due to discovery of which of the following in 1980, the evolution was termed as RNA world
In some virus RNA is genetic material
RNA have enzymatic property
m-RNA, t-RNA- r-RNA synthesize proteins
RNA is not found in all cells
31. Tailed bacteriophages are
Motile on surface of bacteria
Motile on surface of plant leaves
Actively motile in water
Non-motile
32. One important characteristic of viruses is that they
Have an independent metabolism
Can be cultured in a cell-free medium
Can multiply outside a living cell
Do not have an independent metabolism
33. Virus are living, because
Carry metabolic activity
Carry anaerobic respiration
Multiply in host cells
Cause infection
34. DNA is not present in one of the following
Bacteriophage
Tobacco Mosaic Virus
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
35. Which of the following statements is not true for retroviruses?
Retroviruses are causative agents for certain kinds of cancer in man
The genetic material in mature retroviruses is RNA
Retroviruses carry gene for RNA-dependent DNA polymerase
DNA is not present at any stage in the life cycle of retroviruses.
36. Viruses are no more "alive" than isolated chromosomes because
They both require oxygen for respiration
They both need food molecules
They require both RNA and DNA
Both require the environment of a cell to replicate
37. Which statement is correct for bacterial transduction?
Transfer of some genes from one bacteria to another bacteria through virus
Bacteria obtained DNA from other external source
Bacteria obtained its DNA directly
None of the above
38. Which of the following statements is true about viruses?
All viruses known to man are obligate parasites
Viruses are capable of performing metabolic activities on their own
Viruses are filterable facultative parasites
Some viruses have cellular structure and are saprophytes
39. How does enveloped virus enter into host cells?
by injecting its own nucleic acid inside the host cells
by phagocytosis
by contact with ceil receptor and endocytosis
None of the above
40. The genetic material in virus is
DNA and RNA
DNA
DNA or RNA
RNA
41. Protein coat of a virus enclosing nucleic acid is called
Vector
Capsid
Plasmid
Genome
42. The Phages that show lysogenic cycle are called
Virulent phages
Lytic phages
Temperate phages
None of the above
43. Which one of the following enzymes is present in the bacteriophage?
Succinic dehydrogenase
Lysozyme
Protease
Urease
44. Which one of the following viruses contains both DNA and RNA?
Cyanophage
Herpes Virus
Polio Virus
Leuko Virus
45. Bacteriophages kill
Fungi
Parasites
Bacteria
Viruses
46. Virus multiplies in
living tissue
soil
dead tissue
culture medium
47. Provirus is _____.
free virus
free DNA
primitive virus
integrated viral genome
48. The non-living characteristic of viruses is
ability to undergo mutation
ability to multiply only inside the host
ability to cause diseases in the host
ability to be crystallized
49. A T-series bacteriophage can be recognized by its
irregular shape
rounded shape
tadpole shape
rhomboidal shape
50. In AIDS, HIV kills
Bone-Marrow cells
Antibody molecule
T-Helper cell
T-Cytotoxic cell
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