A stone measuring 0.4 cm, blocking the outlet of renal pelvis resulting in mild to moderate tract obstruction. Which of the following technique will be opted to remove this stone
1.Kidney surgery
2.Burring a hole and removing the stone manually (nephrolithotomy)
3.Extracorporeal Shock wave lithotripsy
4.None of these
Amount of water required to excrete 1gN of Urea is
1.1 ml
2.50 ml
3.100 ml
4.150 ml
Animals that produce metabolic heat at low level and also absorb heat from the surroundings are called
1.Endotherms
2.Ectotherms
3.Heterotherms
4.Homeotherms
Aquatic animals excrete nitrogenous waste commonly in the form of
1.Ammonia
2.Urea
3.Uric acid
4.Trimethylamine oxide
Bats & humming birds belong to
1.Endotherms
2.Ectotherms
3.Heterotherms
4.Homeotherms
Brown fat present in certain mammals is specialized in
1.Providing insulation in cold environment.
2.Providing insulation in hot environment
3.Rapid heat production.
4.Controlling heat production.
Each ach nephridium of earthworm opens to the exterior by
1.Nephrostome
2.Nephridiopore
3.Flame cell
4.Anus
Each human kidney receives _____ % of total cardiac out put
1.10%
2.20%
3.30%
4.40%
Excessive lactic acid is converted into ________ by liver.
1.Glucose
2.Fructose
3.Sucrose
4.Glycogen
Fishes, most of the invertebrates and amphibians are examples of ______ animals
1.Endotherms
2.Ectotherms
3.Heterotherms
4.Homeotherms
Formation of heat shock proteins in plants results in
1.Elevation of temperature in cold conditions.
2.Embracing the enzymes and other proteins and prevent their denaturation.
3.Change the chemical nature of other proteins thus making them heat resistant.
4.Help in evaporative cooling.
Hydra has no specialized excretory system because
1.It does not produce waste material
2.Due to absence of mesoderm
3.The whole body cells are in contact with water
4.It has pseudocoelom.
In animals excess of nitrogen is excreted primarily in form of
1.Creatinine
2.Trimethyamine oxide
3.Pyrimidine
4.Ammonia
In plants which of the following is a waste product produced both during photosynthesis and respiration
1.CO2
2.H2O
3.O2
4.Both A and B
In Urea cycle ______ ammonia molecules combine with 1 CO2 molecule to form 1 molecule of urea.
1.1
2.2
3.3
4.4
Malphighian tubules absorb waste materials and salts from
1.Blood
2.Lymph
3.Gut
4.Hemolymph
Mammalian kidney, under restricted water supply can conserve water by over _____ % reabsorption of glomerular filtrate
1.80.50%
2.90.50%
3.95.50%
4.99.50%
Marine fish can keep their internal environment hypertonic with respect to the surrounding salty water by retaining.
1.Excessive urea which will increase their internal solute concentration and prevent body shrinkage in hypertonic environment
2.Trimethyl alanine
3.Ammonia
4.Trimethylamine oxide
Most of the marine invertebrates are
1.Osmoconformers
2.Osmoregulators
3.Both depend upon the concentration of sea water
4.None of these
Nephrostome in earthworm opens in
1.External space
2.Internal Body cavity
3.In gut
4.In Bladder
Normal body temperature in mamals like human beings is
1.26 - 28 °C
2.36 - 38 °C
3.46 - 48 °C
4.56 - 58 °C
On which of the following site the posterior pituitary hormone acts predominantly
1.Proximal convoluted tubule
2.Descending limb of loop of Henle
3.Ascending limb of loop of Henle
4.Collecting tubules
Protonephridia are present in
1.Round worms
2.Flateworm
3.Tape worms
4.Segmented worms
Purine and pyrimidine catabolism results in production of
1.Creatinine
2.Trimethyamine oxide
3.Xanthine
4.None of these
Rose is an example of
1.Hydrophytes
2.Mesophytes
3.Xerophytes
4.Halophytes
The characteristic which enable animals to tolerate dehydration is called
1.Osmoconformation
2.Osmoregulaton
3.Anhydrobiosis
4.Anhydrosis
The distal blind end of the malpighian tubules bathes freely in
1.Digestive tract
2.Intestines
3.Haemocoel
4.Coelom
The main nitrogenous waste formed in the body of earthworm is/are
1.Ammonia
2.Urea
3.Uric acid
4.Trimethylamine oxide
The nephridia of earthworm open into the coelom by
1.Nephrostome
2.Nephridiopore
3.Flame cell
4.Anus
Thick, waxy & leathery cuticle around leaves is present in
1.Hydrophytes
2.Mesophytes
3.Xerophytes
4.Halophytes
Which adaptation is acquired by plants of cooler areas to prevent lipid crystal formation in cell membrane?
1.Change in membrane protein composition.
2.Change in the solute composition of the cell membrane which prevents crystallization.
3.Increase in proportion of unsaturated fatty acids.
4.Development of heat shock proteins.
Which excretory product in produced in plants during autotrophic mode of life?
1.CO2
2.H2O
3.O2
4.Both A and B
Which of the following animal excrete nitrogenous waste mainly as uric acid?
1.Hydra
2.Planaria
3.Humans
4.Birds
Which of the following constituent is/are maximum in the filtrate that leaves proximal convoluted tubules
1.Glucose
2.Amino acids
3.Nitrogenous waste
4.All of these
Which of the following excretory structure is associated with gut of the organism?
1.Protonephridium
2.Metanephridium
3.Malpighian tubules
4.Nephrons
Which of the following filtrate contains excessive amount of amino acids, glucose, and salts?
1.Glomerular filtrate
2.Filtrate passing through ascending limb
3.Filtrate passing through distal conveluted tubule
4.Filtrate passing through collecting tubules
Which of the following fish drink large amount of sea water and excrete concentrated urine resulting in maximum salt excretion and minimal water loss?
1.Hagfish
2.Fresh water fishes
3.Bony fishes
4.None of these
Which of the following fishes excrete large volume of diluted urine?
1.Bony Marine fishes
2.Fresh water fishes
3.Both depending upon the surrounding water
4.None of these
Which of the following is a segmentally arranged excretory system?
1.Protonephridium
2.Metanephridium
3.Malpighian tubules
4.Nephrons
Which of the following is most toxic?
1.Ammonia
2.Urea
3.Uric acid
4.Trimethylamine oxide
Which of the following kidney stones are most common?
1.Calcium oxalate
2.Calcium phosphate
3.Uric acid
4.All of these
Which of the following marine fishes are considered direct descendents of fresh water ancestors?
1.Hagfish
2.Jelly Fish
3.Star Fish
4.Bony fishes
Which of the following mechanism explains development of anemia in Renal failure?
1.Failure of bone marrow is accompanied with renal failure.
2.Destruction of RBC results from accumulated urea in the blood.
3.Chronicity of the disease is respobsible for anemia
4.Failure of proper RBC synthesis, due to lack of chemical stimulation.
Which of the following nephrons play important role in production of concentrated urine?
1.Crotical
2.Medullary
3.Juxtramedullary
4.None of these
Which of the following openings have cilia?
1.Nephrostome
2.Nephridiopore
3.Both of these
4.None of these
Which of the following statement about conifers is correct?
1.Stored excretory products in vacuoles, at a concentration that leads to crystal formation.
2.Accumulate waste in leaves, which fall in autumn.
3.Production of black wood in the center.
4.Excrete some of the waste materials directly into soil, occasionally using them as a chemical weapon against other competing plants.
Which of the following treatment will be administered first in a newly diagnosed renal failure patient?
1.Renal transplant
2.Peritoneal Dialysis
3.Lithotripsy
4.Hemodialysis
Which of the vascular channels are related to Juxtramedullary nephrous only?
1.Afferent and efferent arterioles
2.Peritubualr capillaries
3.Vasa nervosa
4.Vasa recta