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What happens when an Exception occurs in a thread?

In simple words, If not caught thread will die, if an uncaught exception handler is registered then it will get a call back.

Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler is an interface,
defined as nested interface for handlers invoked when a Thread abruptly terminates due to an uncaught exception.

When a thread is about to terminate due to an
uncaught exception the Java Virtual Machine will query the thread for
its UncaughtExceptionHandler using Thread.getUncaughtExceptionHandler() and will invoke the handler's uncaughtException() method, passing the
thread and the exception as arguments.